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Clostridium thermocellum
''Clostridium thermocellum'' is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. ''C. thermocellum'' has garnered research interest due to its cellulolytic and ethanologenic abilities, being capable of directly converting a cellulosic substrate into ethanol. This makes it useful in converting biomass into a usable energy source. The degradation of the cellulose is carried out in the bacterium by a large extracellular cellulase system called a cellulosome, which contains nearly 20 catalytic subunits.〔(JGI: ) Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405〕 The cellulase system of the bacterium significantly differs from fungal cellulases due to its high activity on crystalline cellulose, being able to completely solubilize crystalline sources of cellulose, such as cotton.〔(Cellulase, Clostridia, and Ethanol )〕 However, there are some shortfalls in applying the organism to practical applications due to it having low ethanol yield, at least partially due to branched fermentation pathways that produce acetate, formate, and lactate along with ethanol.〔''Ibid.''〕 There is also evidence of inhibition due to the presence of hydrogen and due to agitation. 〔(Characterization of Clostridium thermocellum JW20 )〕 Some recent research has been directed to optimizing the ethanol-producing metabolic pathway in hopes of creating more efficient biomass conversion.〔(U.S. Department of Energy: ) Cellulosic Ethanol〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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